Estimating The Potential Of Achieving Self-reliance By Rooftop Gardening In Chiayi City, Taiwan
Paper DOI: 10.2495/DNE-V12-N4-448-457
Journal: International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics
Volume 12 (2017), Issue 4
Page: 9
Page Range: 448 - 457
Author(s): YI-HSUAN HSIEH, JUNG-TE HSU & TING-I LEE
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Abstract
More than half of the global population has chosen to live in urban areas than in rural areas. This results in issues on sustainable food provision in urban areas. Transporting vegetables and fruits from the countryside to the city while keeping them fresh consumes energy and causes loss. Given the cost, growing food in and around cities has never been a new thing. However, only recently, growing food on rooftops on a business scale to achieve self-reliance has increasingly gained attention. With current technological advances in horticulture and agriculture, it has become more likely to secure food provision by cultivating on urban rooftops. Only a few business scale cases reported in high-income societies with a high-density population or experiencing snowing winter can afford and justify the choice of such a high input as well as a high-yield cultivating system. In Taiwan, with a warm winter, it may be more feasible to apply this system because less energy input is required to achieve the same yield as compared to that required in places in temperate climates. By estimating the potential of a high-density city to achieve self-reliance through rooftop growing systems, decision-makers can have more insight into how the idea can be promoted. As of end 2016, Chiayi city has the second largest population density after the capital city. Thus, this research aims at assessing the potential to achieve self-reliance by growing food on rooftops in Chiayi. It analyzes the yields of four types of rooftop cultivating systems and estimates the production and consumption by using these systems on three types of rooftops in different land uses, namely commercial, educational and residential. The result shows that the best scenario for achieving self-reliance is the rooftop hydroponic greenhouse model operating at the commercial scale although this is not sustainable or practical for general households in Chiayi City.
摘要
全球超過半數人口，選擇居住在都市而非鄉村地區，這種現象可能引發糧食永續供應的問題。由於蔬果從鄉村運送到都市，運輸過程需要保鮮，既耗能又有質與量的耗損。考量降低成本，因此在都市中生產食物，並非新鮮事。然而，近年來透過商業規模的屋頂農園達到自恃率，開始受到重視。園藝和農業技術上的進步，使得屋頂耕作達到食物供應穩定性的方式，變得更為可行。但是，僅有少數商業規模的屋頂農園，出現在高收入且高密度或冬季下雪的都市社會中，因此能夠負擔如此高輸入和高產量的耕作方式。在冬季較為溫暖的台灣，若要達到和溫帶都市相同的產量，由於能源投入需求較低，應用這樣的生產系統或許更為可行。藉由評估高密度都市透過屋頂生產系統達到自恃率的潛力，有助於決策者形成推廣屋頂農園的洞見。2016年底，因全國主要城市行政區界的改變，使嘉義市成為僅次於首都，人口密度位居第二的城市，因此，本研究的目的是：評估在嘉義市透過屋頂生產食物達到自恃率的潛力。分析四種屋頂耕作系統的產量，並且在三種不同土地使用類型(商業、教育和住宅)的屋頂上，運用這些系統，評估其生產和消費的情境。研究結果顯示，達到自恃率的最佳情境，是商業規模的屋頂水耕溫室模式，儘管這對嘉義市一般家庭而言，並非是永續或務實的做法。
Keywords: Food security, roof garden, rooftop farms, scenario analysis, self-reliance, urban agriculture, urban farming, urban food system
關鍵字：食物自給率、屋頂花園、屋頂農園、情境分析、自恃率、都市農業、都市農耕、都市食物系統
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